安徽沿江地区油麦后直播棉的品种选用策略

在目前安徽沿江地区不能实现棉花机采的情况下,提出了“植株高度既适于机采也适于人工采收,含絮力适中(不易落花便于集中采收),生育期适中(播种到采收为180天左右),纤维品质及产量性状较优(纤维长度30.0 mm以上,断裂比强度30.0 cN/tex以上,马克隆值5.0以下,籽棉产量3750 kg/hm 2以上,衣分在40%左右)”的油(或麦)后直播棉模式的人工采收品种选用策略。旨在促进安徽沿江地区棉花生产稳定发展。     

水稻粒型基因研究进展及应用

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)粒型包含粒长、粒宽和长宽比等一系列农艺性状,是影响水稻稻米品质和产量的重要因素之一。随着功能基因组学和分子标记技术的发展,越来越多的粒型基因逐渐被定位和克隆。本文主要总结了目前已经克隆的与水稻粒型有关的基因：粒长基因有GS3、GL7、GL3.3等;粒宽基因有GW2、GW5、GS5等;长宽比基因有GW7、TGW3、GS2等,各个基因之间的互作关系以及各个粒型基因在生产中的实际应用。同时,指出了水稻粒型基因在进行分子植物育种时出现的问题并针对相应的问题提出解决建议。     

2000—2015年西南区县域土地利用变化特征及驱动力分析——以重庆市奉节县为例

综合分析重庆市奉节县土地利用格局时空演变及其驱动力,为优化西南区县域尺度的土地利用规划、生态大保护和区域可持续发展提供理论参考和数据支持。基于RS和GIS技术,利用四期（2000、2005、2010和2015年）土地利用基础数据,从土地利用动态模型和地学信息图谱等方面出发,揭示区域2000—2015年的土地利用动态变化特征及时空演变规律。依据主成分分析模型和线性回归分析模型,并基于奉节县社会经济统计数据,探究研究区土地利用驱动机制。研究期内,研究区土地空间格局呈现以林地和耕地为主体,同时交错分布其它土地类型的特点。耕地、草地和未利用地土地面积分别减少 78.84 km²、3.73 km²、2.54 km²,而林地、水域和居民工矿用地面积分别增加23.36 km²、46.67 km²、9.03 km²。受三峡移民影响,区域土地利用分布格局由整体无序向局部有序的方向发展。研究期的前10年间,土地利用类型转移主要发生在林地、草地和耕地之间,林地→耕地和草地的面积总和分别为849.38 km²和425.17 km²;2010—2015年间林地和居民工矿用地新增面积分别为9.93 km²和7.09 km²。从产业结构调整、政策影响和社会发展等方面探究区域城镇化的驱动机制,城镇化因素、政策因素、经济因素、社会发展因素和农业因素是影响奉节县土地利用类型变化的主要驱动力。     

优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

The effects of protein kinase A catalytic subunit on sperm motility regulation in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Protein kinase A plays a central role in the regulation of sperm motility from echinoderms to mammals, but the information about its regulatory role in molluscs is very limited. In this study, a protein kinase A catalytic subunit (designated as HdPKA‐C) was identified from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The open reading frame of HdPKA‐C was of 1,077 bp, encoding a peptide of 358 amino acids with a typical protein kinase domain. HdPKA‐C shared 82%–87% sequence similarities with other PKA‐Cs, and it was clustered first with gastropod PKA‐Cs in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA of HdPKA‐C was constitutively expressed in examined tissues, with the highest level detected in hepatopancreas. The phosphorylated form of HdPKA‐C (p‐HdPKA‐C) was localized at the acrosome, connecting piece and flagellum of spermatozoa with variable intensity. Its phosphorylated substrates were also detected in these regions with much lower intensity at the connecting piece. The inhibition of HdPKA‐C activity with H‐89 led to a significant reduction in the percentage of motile sperm and sperm velocities. p‐HdPKA‐C was detected by Western blot in strip‐spawned sperm, naturally spawned sperm and H‐89‐treated sperm with almost the same intensity. The intensity of p‐HdPKA‐C substrates in naturally spawned sperm was higher than that in strip‐spawned sperm, and it was roughly the same as that in H‐89‐treated sperm except for two bands at 50 and 60 kDa. These results collectively indicated that HdPKA‐C played an important role in the regulation of abalone sperm motility by altering its substrates phosphorylation.     

马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响

不同LED光源下培养的马铃薯组培苗在形态特征上差异明显,为探索这种差异是否会对其移栽后产生进一步影响,试验研究了100%红光(R)、100%蓝光(B)、100%绿光(G)、75%红光+25%蓝光(RB)、45%红光+35%蓝光+20%绿光(RBG)和100%白光(CK)6种光谱下培养4周的马铃薯组培苗温室移栽后植株的生长和结薯情况。试验结果表明,B处理的马铃薯组培苗移栽后缓苗期叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和qP、结薯前期SPAD值及结薯期各器官生物量均始终高于CK和其他处理,且该处理下最大薯的干鲜重和有效微型薯占比分别较CK提高45.66%、45.09%和10.93%。R处理的组培苗移栽后结薯期地上部生物量显著高于CK,单株结薯数目提高29.60%,但有效微型薯占比较CK降低63.97%。G处理的组培苗移栽后生长和结薯指标均表现最差。组合光谱RB和RBG处理的组培苗移栽后的生长指标和微型薯产量及产量构成指标均与CK无显著差异。因此,单色红、蓝、绿光谱处理对马铃薯组培苗的影响会持续至其移栽后植株幼苗生长,甚至结薯期,组合光谱RB和RBG则不会。在马铃薯组培苗生产上,单色蓝光和单色红光作为照明光源具有潜在的应用价值,组合光谱RB和RBG可作为白色光源的替代光源。     

三连栋日光温室温度场分布及应用

针对冀中南地区冬季雾霾天气严重,日光温室不能充分发挥其应有的保温功能,设计建造了三连栋日光温室,为进一步验证其性能,应用MATLAB软件对三连栋日光温室进行二维温度场的拟合和图像绘制。结果表明：00:23三连栋日光温室的温度为8日>9日>10日;06:23为温室一天的最低温度,10日的06:23为3天最低温度;12:23为多云~阴的8日温室的最高温度,14:23为阴~晴的9日温室的最高温度,12:23—14:23为晴天的10日温室的最高温度,3天温室最高温均能达到30℃,16:23温度下降较快。多云~阴的8日、阴~晴的9日09:23—10:23依次从温室的北、中、南栋的上中部开始升温,16:23先从温室下部开始降温;晴天的10日09:23—10:23依次从温室的南、中、北栋开始升温,16:23依次从温室的北、中、南栋开始降温。在温室温度最低时或最高时,北栋北后侧中下部区域为温度的最高点或最低点。8—10日09:23与18:23(15~20℃)、08:23与20:23(10~15℃)温室温度各栋之间及各区域基本相同。同一天内温室地温中栋最高,地温白天北栋最低、夜间南栋最低;10日夜间南栋地温最低,最低地温13℃,白天中栋地温最高,最高地温22℃。光照强度9日<8日<10日。三连栋日光温室在2月中旬喜温果菜类即可定植,较单膜塑料大棚提早定植25~30天,同时又规避了冬季低温阴雪雾霾天气出现频次高的时段,三连栋日光温室优势明显。     

基于两种生态学理论监控草地质量

准确理解中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论，并将两者有机结合，有助于草地质量的调控。关于这两种生态学理论所取得的相关研究成果，对于认识和理解草地生态系统的结构、功能、演替以及生产潜力具有积极作用，这也使其逐步成为指导草地畜牧业生产实践十分重要的科学依据。阐述了草地质量及其具体表示指标，以及中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论与草地质量的关系，并论述了中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论在封育、中度放牧、毒害草防治等管理措施条件下草地质量变化的生态学过程中的作用。     

Technical efficiency of different farm sizes for tilapia farming in China

China is the world's largest tilapia producer. This study uses the stochastic frontier function in the Cobb–Douglas model to evaluate a production frontier for tilapia aquaculture and analyses the relationship between farm size and production efficiency in China. A random sample of 300 tilapia farmers was surveyed in the main tilapia‐producing areas to study their economic efficiencies. The percentage distribution of tilapia farm technical efficiency was determined, with an average efficiency of 79%, which showed that the sample tilapia farmers operate at 21% below the production frontier and hence that they still have a chance to achieve targeted yields. The technical efficiencies of two categories (≤1 ha and >1 ha) were 78.82% and 79.27% respectively. A second‐stage analysis investigated the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency and showed a positive relationship between farm size and production efficiency based on the ordinary least‐squares model. The optimal farm size was found to be 7.50 ha. This study proposes strategies such as enlarging the farming scale moderately, thereby achieving the advantage of economies of scale, and enhancing the competitiveness of the tilapia industry in China.     

Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.